We’re going to make a cable that can work in both an Ethernet and Fast Ethernet network. As we’ll explain, the only difference is the rating of the cable. Fast Ethernet certified cable is now the standard.

Now, let us make this as clear as we possibly can: if you don’t have a lot of patience, don’t even try to make your own network cables. If you aren’t ready to spend money on some good tools, don’t even try to make your own network cables. And, finally, if you aren’t ready to blow through some supplies (some of which you’ll destroy as you go up the learning curve), don’t even try to make your own network cables.

If you think you’ve passed all three tests, let’s move on to Step 1 – Some of the Basics.

The basics

The standard cable used for Ethernet networking is called twisted-pair cables, so-called for the four sets of twisted wires (two in each set) in a standard cable. Each pair is made up of a solid color wire and a white wire with a small line of that same color on it. So, for example, there’s a pair with an orange wire and a white wire with an orange stripe. For this how-to article, we’ll call this second wire white-orange. Note that with some cables, the solid color wire may have a white stripe and, in other articles, you may see that referred to as orange-white. We don’t bother and will use the solid color designation.

At each end of a cable is a connector called an RJ45 plug. These look similar to typical ends of a phone cable, also known as RJ11 plugs, but have eight small conductors on them…one for each wire in the cable. Phone cable plugs have only four.

Now, just to make things a little complicated, there are two primary standards for wiring an RJ45 plug to the network cable. The difference is in the order of wires in the plug, but other than that the two standards are identical. As long as you use the same standard to wire both ends, your new cable will work just fine for connecting a PC’s network adapter to a hub, switch or router. This is called a straight-thru cable and is the “standard” Ethernet networking cable.

The two wiring standards are known as 568A and 568B.

If you look at a plug from the back (the side opposite the small clip that helps the plug snap into a port), the wire will be arranged as follows in the 568B standard (the one we prefer):
# White-Orange
# Orange
# White-Green
# Blue
# White-Blue
# Green
# White-Brown
# Brown

This photo shows a properly wired cable using the 568B standard.

In a cable wired with the 568A standard, the order (viewed the same way) would be:
# White-Green
# Green
# White-Orange
# Blue
# White-Blue
# Orange
# White-Brown
# Brown

The second standard only becomes important when you want to build a cable to connect two computers with network cards and NOT use a hub or switch between them. In this case, you’ll want to attach one RJ45 plug using one standard and the other one using the second standard. This creates a cable known as a crossover cable. These cables also can be used to connect two network devices such as hub or switch or router together using the standard ports in the device. However, most devices have a crossover, or uplink, port built in so you don’t need to use a crossover cable for this purpose.

One last note in this basic overview: we are not suggesting that you run cable through your house and simply put an RJ45 plug on each end. You certainly can do this, but we think a much neater, professional installation includes running cables in your walls to wall jacks at each end. That’s what we show you in our how-to article on wiring your house. That said, if you want to use a long cable with RJ45s on each end, keep in mind the maximum length between a PC and a hub or two PCs is 100 meters (about 300 feet) for Ethernet and Fast Ethernet. Also it is not recommended to connect one end of a cable to a wall jack and the other end to a RJ45 plug.

The recommendation: run cable through your house from wall jack to wall jack and then run a cable with RJ45 plugs on each end from the wall jack to the network adapter on your PC. Simple.

The materials

You only need two supplies or materials to make a network cable. The actual cable or wire and the RJ45 plugs.

Cable required for Fast Ethernet networking is called category 5 cable. Regular Ethernet can run under earlier cable called category 3, but it is not now nearly as prevalent as it was a few years ago. Many bulk cable retailers now sell an enhanced version of category 5 cable called category 5e. This enhanced version is meant to carry data even faster, but it is not necessary for the new Gigabit Ethernet standard (10x faster than Fast Ethernet).

Once you’ve settled on category 5e cable (as we recommend), you must decide on solid or stranded wires. Most short network cables you buy separately use stranded wire which is more flexible and can be bent easily for connecting to computers and hubs on your desktop. Most cable run through walls has solid wire which makes it stiffer and easier to fish inside walls and through holes. We chose to use bulk solid cable with a PVC cover. The solid wire cable works for running throughout the house and can also be used for short cables. Stranded wire, on the other hand, is not recommended for connecting to wall jacks and/or patch panels so you’d need both stranded and solid for both uses.

As for the RJ45 plugs, you’ll want to pick ones that match the type of cable you are using. In our case, we selected plugs for round, solid cable.

The tools

Key to this how-to is a good crimping tool. This is the tool that “crimps” the jack onto the cable. There’s probably a way to make your own cables without one, but we’re not going to even consider it. As a wise man once told us, if you buy a specialized tool so you can do a project yourself, even if it costs so much you only break even the first time, you’ll be ahead the next time you do the project. That almost fits here, but the key is needing to a lot of cables before you break even. Enough said. Get a crimping tool and get a good one. If you select a crimp tool without a stripping device, you can look for separate wire strippers

Make Your Own Network Cables

Step 2 – Preparing the wire

We are ready to begin making our cable.

Stripping the wire

First, we must strip the outer casing from the cable. You’ll want to strip about 1/2 inch of the casing. The key, and this is critical, is to cut and remove the outer casing without even the tiniest of nicks on the twisted pair wires. If you do nick the wires (as we did four or five times at first), simply cut off an inch or two of the cable and start again.

Our crimping tool includes a built-in wire stripper. You simply insert the wire into this area of the crimping tool until it stops. Then close the handle and the proper amount of the outer casing is cut and ready to be pulled off. However, since we are using rounded cable, closing the handle even half way caused the tool to cut into the twisted pair wires. The technique we found worked best with this tool was to insert the wire, and then close the handle until the first click of the built-in ratchet mechanism. We then twirled the wire while still inserted in the tool. This scored the outer casing all the way around. We then pulled the 1/2 inch of casing off the cable.

Of course, you can use a Cyclops or the wire stripper of your choice to remove the outer casing.

Untwisting the wires

Now with the twisted pair wires exposed, you can begin to untwist them and arrange them in the proper order

The key here is to not untwist more than you need to and, if at all possible, not more than 1/2 inch. That’s because the specification calls for not more than that to be untwisted or risk the possibility of affecting the network’s performance.

As you can see in this photo, we have untwisted the wires and arranged them in the proper order. We actually have exposed more of the wires than necessary here in order to make it clearer in the photo. According to the specs, you’ll want to try this with less of the wires untwisted. However, we can tell you that we made a few cables with about this much wire untwisted and did not notice any problems on our network.

Again, the order of the cables (from the top in this photo) should be:

Now, after arranging the wires spread out like this, you should flatten all of the wires and bring them in tight to each other. This gets them ready to insert into the plug so, ultimately, all 8 wires should be so close that the total width is about that of an RJ45 plug. If the wires are not the identical length, you can use a pair of wire cutters to cut them off at the same length.

Step 3 – Attaching the plug

We are now ready to attach the plug onto the end of the cable.

Inserting the cable into the plug

Ready with your patience?

You now need to insert the cable into the plug and ensure that the wires stay in the order you just arranged. As you insert the wires into the plug, you’ll notice small grooves, one for each wire, in the plug. Because the wires aren’t perfectly straight, you’ll likely get the wrong wires in the wrong grooves the first few tries. Be very careful here or the cable simply won’t work.

Once you are absolutely certain the wires are in the right grooves, one wire to a groove and in the proper order, you now must make sure that the wires are pushed ALL the way into the plug. Again, if they aren’t, or are even just a millimeter or two short, the cable won’t work.

Crimping

Now you are ready to complete this end of your cable by crimping the plug onto the end. Insert the cable and plug assembly into the crimping tool. Notice that our tool has an opening for both an RJ45 plug and an RJ11 (phone) plug. Now close the handle firmly just once. If the crimp is done correctly, you should be able to pull on the plug with significant force and it won’t come off.

Again, the biggest issue for us in making our own network cables was initially not ensuring that the wires were pushed ALL the way into the plug before crimping. And, once you make a bad crimp, forget it. Cut the wire and start again.

Prepare the other end the exact same way for a straight-through cable or with the other wire standard  for a crossover cable, and you’ve made your first network cable.

Now all that’s left to do is try your new network cable in your home network. Remember that you can plug cables into and out of hubs and switches without turning them off, but it’s always recommended you turn off a computer before removing or inserting a network cable. Further still, if your network cable doesn’t work at first, make sure that you have turned everything off on the network and back on. If it still doesn’t work, check again that the order of the wires is correct and that the wires are inserted all the way into the plug.

One final note. If you are making both straight through and crossover cables, make sure to mark them clearly. It can be very, very frustrating if you’re not sure what type of cable you are using once you start running into trouble on your home network.

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1.) How does it work? – For some, particularly those who use the Internet primarily on smart phones and tablet devices, it seems as if companies like Verizon and AT&T just automatically connect their users to 3G and 4G wireless networks. Clear’s service is just as simple; once you pick a package and order it, you will be sent a portable (pocket-sized) modem that can connect to any of your wireless capable devices and immediately access the Clear wireless network.
2.) Does Clear offer 4G? – This question is becoming more and more relevant as more people make the upgrade from 3G to 4G. In fact, Clear’s 4G service, which is called WiMax, and which is also used by Sprint, is one of the leading competitors in the 4G market, along with Verizon’s LTE service. Detailed comparisons between the two are available on multiple related websites.
3.) Can Clear Support Multiple Devices? – If you work in an office, or live in a home, where multiple people will want to use the same wireless network at the same time, Clear can help with this as well. They offer home modems that can provide wireless service to your whole home, and even offer a relatively new feature known as the “Rover Puck” that can support up to eight devices, and which is portable.

There is of course a lot more to know about pricing and coverage options when choosing which wireless provider is right for you. However, these are a few basic answers to help get you started. Remember to consider all of the leading companies when choosing your provider, and not just the one that advertises most on television; the right provider for you could be any one of them.

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I had run the pure-ftpd daemon by simply issuing the pure-ftpd command in shell, anyway after struggling a bit and looking here and there I found out that If you want to user simple Unix Authentication with Pure-FTPD than you will have to run it with the -l unix switch

pure-ftpd -l unix

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simply use change to that directory and issue the following command, of-course change the replacement text according to your needs

.
.
.
.
find ./ -type f -exec sed -i 's/toreplace/replacedtext/g' {} \;

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When you first load up AmaroK it loads up in your panel with an icon of a wolf over a blue circle

Clicking the icon show an interface like this:

In the Center is the play-list area which shows the current tracks you have in your queue, but none of this will work till you specify in AmaroK where your music is located, to do so click on Settings then click on Configure AmaroK. Then on the left side click on collection

Select the folder/folders where your music is located and check both “Scan Recursively” and “Watch Folders For Changes” so that anytime you add new music to the selected folders it will automatically be imported to AmaroK. Now Amarok will take some time depending on the size of your music collection to go through it. When all music is imported click on Collection to see your current collection

AmaroK automatically sorts your music based on the artist and album name. Another nifty feature of Amarok is that it can produce statistics based on the music you listen to and can then list which is your favourite artist or album, to see the statistics click on tools, then click on statistics

Another cool but not really necessary feature of AmaroK is that it has a cover manager which basically shows all the covers of your current albums.

The best part is even if you don’t have covers for an album AmaroK can fetch them from the Amazon music store. My most favourite feature of Amarok is its plug in architecture meaning you can install extensions like in Firefox that extend the functionality of AmaroK

Hope you enjoyed and i hope you will enjoy your music much more with AmaroK

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Cell Phone Network Protocol: 2G.

There are two technologies commonly used by 2G cell-phone networks for transmitting information

1. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) uses Time Division Multiple Access [TDMA] technology. However, GSM implements TDMA using encryption to make phone calls more secure. GSM operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 850-MHz and 1900-MHz (also referred to as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States. GSM is the international standard in Europe, Australia and much of Asia and Africa which also means that under most circumstances the calls that you make are on GSM.GSM system allows cell-phone users to use one phone anywhere where the standard is supported. To connect to the specific service providers in these different countries, GSM users simply switch subscriber identification module (SIM) cards. SIM cards are small removable disks that slip in and out of GSM cell phones. They store all the connection data and identification numbers you need to access a particular wireless service provider.

2. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. It started as a concept in World-war II and was brought to cell phones by telecom giant Qualcomm. CDMA is the most widely used cellphone technology in US and is a base for the 3G wireless carriers. The technology is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHzbands. CDMA employs analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in combination with spread spectrum technology. Audio input is first digitized into binary elements. The frequency of the transmitted signal is then made to vary according to a defined pattern (code), so it can be intercepted only by a receiver whose frequency response is programmed with the same code, so it follows exactly along with the transmitter frequency. CDMA is compatible with other cellular technologies; thereby enabling nationwide roaming.

Cell Phone Network Protocol: 3G

3G technology is the latest in mobile communications. 3G stands for “third generation” and is the successor to 2G technology. 3G technology is intended for the true multimedia cell phone, smartphones with increased bandwidth and transfer rates to accommodate Web-based applications and phone-based audio and video files. 3G’s high data rates are ideal for downloading information from the Internet and sending and receiving large, multimedia files. 3G phones are like mini-laptops and can accommodate broadband applications like video conferencing, receiving streaming video from the Web, sending and receiving faxes and instantly downloading e-mail messages with attachments.

There are three technologies commonly used by 3G cell-phone networks for transmitting

1. CDMA2000 – based on 2G Code Division Multiple Access

2. Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)

Both of these technologies are similar to CDMA used in 2G network protocol but with higher speeds of transfer and download rates.

3. Time-division Synchronous Code-division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA)

The standard combines time division multiple access (TDMA) with an adaptive, synchronous-mode code division multiple access (CDMA) component. TD-SCDMA supports data transfer like speech or video from the Internet at much faster rates than any of the technologies in 2G network.

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Now Google automatically starts loading preview whenever you hover your mouse over any result, may be some people have found this feature useful but for me it is extremely annoying, and even more annoying thing is that there is no option to turn in off ?
I have looked and there is no way by which I can disable the Google Search preview from customized or advanced settings.

Not everyone is on a 10Mbps unlimited connection, Google keeps loading the Preview (which are in fact image files) of all 10 results on the search page in the background hence affecting the overall performance of your browser and internet experience. moreover the snippets are being already shown by Google on the search page .. why is there a need to duplicate things showing them on the Preview image ? the size of the preview windows is also quite big and just clutters up the whole web-page

Instead of forcing everyone to use new features Google should let users to choose for themselves if they want to try something new or not, shoving everything in face of customer is plain annoying .
I hope that pretty soon they will have the option to turn off and disable this Search Preview thing

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Unfortunately, If you don’t remember your password than there is no easy way to crack or recover it, if you have still access to you Apple device than you can take a new back up without the data encryption option. However you can’t get this password back by answering a security question or a entering an account email as this password is stored locally on your generated backup file.

If you search around a bit than you will see many products touting themselves as ‘iphone backup password recovery tool’ but in reality none of them is able to recover your password by decryption all of them are just brute force tools designed to guess the password by hit and trial.
So if you are stuck with your iPhone backup password than your best bet would be to just try to remember your password yourself or to take a new back up.

Also, it should serve as a lesson for everyone to always remember your password and avoid putting passwords on things unnecessarily.

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There are many battery hogging features and activities which you can curtail down to make is last longer. Unfortunately iPhone does not come with a ‘power saving’ mode like some of the new Nokia Smartphones so you will have to make these changes by yourself.

1st of all turn off all the unnecessary connections like Bluetooth and GPS, wifi, Bluetooth specially is a big battery eater. You can also turn off the 3G.

Lower the brightness and light of your screen and set the light timeout interval to a lower value. Lock your screen and stop poking unnecessarily over the phone.

You can also change your mail checking/syncing interval and set it to a higher value or better set it to manual

Voice calls are also a big drainer of battery, so if you want to save battery than is better to text.

Another option is to keep a spare battery with you.

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Nokia 1800 lives up to expectations and Nokia Standards as far as voice quality, reliability and durability of the phone is concerned. The phone body and finishing looks sleek in black color. It is simple and easy to use handset and recommended for those who are not tech savvy and find themselves bogged down by the Plethora of Options that any new mobile carriers these days

Apart from basic capabilities it also offers a flash light, FM radio and a calendar. However there is no facility to save/play music files (MP3 etc) or a camera, the connectivity options are also non existent (there is no bluetooth, web browser or computer connection option) which is understandable given the cheap price tag.
Memory is also limited to 250 messages  

The speaking alarm clock is something interesting, the TFT screen at 65K colors is also pretty good

The cost is around $35 and Nokia 1800 has received good reviews and feedback from countries like India and Pakistan where it is selling for as low as 2500 Rs/ which is just right for the features and capabilities being offered by the phone

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